Livestock – Peak Daily Requirements.

Cattle in lactation: 70 litres/head Sheep: 6 litres/head Cattle – dry: 45 litres/head Lambs: 1-2 litres/head Grazing horses: 35 litres/head

Calves: 25 litres/head Sows: 25 litres/head Working horses: 55 litres/head Poultry per 100 birds: 30 litres

Peak Drinking Water Flows Required.

Cattle in lactation: 12-14 litres/head/hour

Cattle-dry: 8-10 litres/head/hour

Sheep: 0.4 litres/head/hour

Pipes-Maximum Recommended Working Pressures

Type Size (mm)   Working Pressure         (metres)              (feet) PVC and high-density Polythene All sizes B C D   60                     200 90                     300 120                   400   PVC only 20, 32, 50 E F   150                   500 180                   600     Low-density polythene 15 20 25 32 40 50 No classes 90                    300 80                    250 65                    215 50                    165 45                    150 35                    115 Galvanised wrought iron All sizes Medium cut 180                   600

Pipes Flow Rates

Rule of thumb: Doubling pipe size will increase flow rate by 4-6 times

Drainage

Minimum required falls, for pipelines to remain self-clearing with a water velocity of 0.45 m per second, are indicated below:

Pipe diameter Clay tile Corrugated plastic 100 mm 0.3% (i.e. fall of 0.3m in 100m) 0.7% (i.e. fall of 0.7m in 100m) 150 mm 0.2% (i.e. fall of 0.2m in 100m) 0.3% (i.e. fall of 0.3m in 100m)

Irrigation Requirements

Requirements depend on soil type, rainfall, and crop

Broad guidelines: These are guidelines only:

• High rate: 36 cu m per ha day (1 acre inch per week)
• Average rate: 27 cu m per ha day (125 gal per acre per hour)

Some useful formulas and conversion factors: The details below are useful in working out irrigation coverage, pump power, and flows:

• 25.4 mm on 1 ha = 254.6 cu m

• 1 mm on 1 ha = 10 cu m

• 1 kPa = 0.102 m head

• 1 cu m = 1000 litres

Formula for calculating loads on a pump

 

Water power (kW)= litres/second x m head x relative density / 102.04

 kW to drive pump= waterpower (kW) x 100 / efficiency (%)

Pump efficiency (%)= waterpower (kW) x 100 /  input (kw)

 

BE INFORMED AND ENJOY RURALFIND.